Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in early childhood: A case report of loss of deciduous teeth.

The aim of the present study is to report a case of periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (pEDS) in early childhood. A 3-year-old child, complaining of severe tooth mobility, gingival bleeding, and early loss of deciduous teeth sought the dental clinics. The patient was diagnosed with pEDS, and no other systematic health impairments were diagnosed. It was implemented a strict supragingival biofilm control, using mechanical and chemical strategies. However, during the treatment, the patient had to receive multiple dental extractions. Scaling and root planing were performed in the remaining teeth, and the patient is included in the periodontal maintenance program to prevent recurrence of the disease. It was concluded that, although rare, severe cases of periodontitis may occur in deciduous teeth. Strict supragingival biofilm control and periodontal maintenance are strongly recommended in those patients, along with familial monitoring.

Tratamento da má-oclusão de Classe III ­ uma análise sistemática da literatura / Treatment of Class III malocclusion ­ a systematic analysis of literature

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi de determinar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, os tipos e os efeitos dos aparelhos ortodôntico-ortopédicos dentofaciais no tratamento da má-oclusão esquelética de Classe III de Angle, em pacientes em crescimento, selecionando artigos com maior impacto de evidência científica. Para se alcançar esse objetivo, realizou-se uma busca retrospectiva de 1994 a 2019, nas bases de dados eletrônicas (Pubmed). Foram pesquisados os termos "Class III malocclusion", "malocclusion, Angle Class III/therapy" e "orthopedic treatment Class III". Os critérios de seleção foram configurados para incluir apenas ensaios clínicos randomizados da plataforma Pubmed. Os artigos foram selecionados e avaliados, de forma independente, por dois autores (kappa 0,88), baseados nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A estratégia de busca resultou em 25 artigos, sendo 18 resultantes da plataforma Pubmed. Após a análise desses estudos, concluiu-se que o tratamento da má-oclusao de Classe III em pacientes ainda em crescimento tem como principal modalidade terapêutica o uso da máscara facial de tração maxilar. Outros aparelhos ortodôntico-ortopédicos vêm sendo utilizados, porém com respostas mais dentoalveolares. Em pacientes que já cessaram o crescimento e não optaram pela cirurgia ortognática para a correção de suas deficiências, a abordagem com mini-implantes e miniplacas vem sendo utilizada com resultados bastante positivos, gerando excelentes tratamentos e em menor quantidade de tempo, porém ainda há poucas evidências científicas que suportam a eficácia dessa modalidade terapêutica.(AU)

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine through a systematic literature review the types and effects of dentofacial orthodontic-orthopedic appliances in the treatment of Angle Class III skeletal malocclusion in growing patients, selecting articles with higher impact of scientific evidence. To reach this goal, a retrospective search from 1994 to 2019 was carried out in the electronic databases (Pubmed). The terms "Class III malocclusion", "malocclusion, Angle Class III/therapy" and "orthopedic treatment Class III" were searched. Selection criteria were set to include only randomized trials of Pubmed platform. The articles were independently selected and evaluated by two authors (kappa 0.88), based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search strategy resulted in 25 articles, 18 resulting from the Pubmed platform. After analyzing these studies, it was concluded that the treatment of Class III malocclusion in patients still growing has as main therapeutic modality the use of facial mask of maxillary traction. Other orthodontic-orthopedic appliances have been used, but with more dentoalveolar responses. In patients who have already ceased growth and did not chose orthognathic surgery to correct their deficiencies, the approach with mini-implants and miniplates has been used with very positive results, generating excellent treatments and in a shorter time, however there are still few scientific evidences that support the effectiveness of this therapeutic modality (AU)

Sequelae in primary teeth after traumatic injury / Sequelas em dentes decíduos após injúrias traumáticas

Objective: Determine the prevalence of injuries due to dislocation in the primary dentition and the associated sequelae in children treated at Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará. Material and Methods: The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee Medical School of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. It was conducted through a transversal retrospective observational investigation. Data were collected from the medical records from 2000 to 2014. We use the statistical analysis software SPSS (Statistical Packacge for the Social Sciences) 17.0 for Windows. Results: The sample consisted of 52 patients, totaling 75 traumatized primary teeth. The average age at injury was 37.6 months and the most affected gender was male (65.4 %). Most injuries occurred at home (57.7 %) and consequently to fall from height (73%). The most common type of dislocation for injury was intrusion (53.3 %) and color change (42.7%), pulp necrosis (37.3 %) and obliteration of the root canal (13.3%) the most frequent sequelae. Conclusion: The high prevalence of sequelae (74.7 %) shows that proper treatment should happen at right time in order to reduce the occurrence of sequelae. (AU)

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de lesões por luxação na dentição primária e as sequelas associadas em crianças atendidas na Clínica de Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Material e Métodos: O protocolo de pesquisa foi revisado e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Institucional da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. Este estudo foi realizada através de uma investigação observacional retrospectiva transversal. Os dados foram coletados dos registros médicos entre os anos 2000 e 2014. Utilizamos o software de análise estatística SPSS (Statistical Packacge for the Social Scientes) 17.0 para Windows. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 52 pacientes, totalizando 75 dentes primários traumatizados. A idade média de lesão foi de 37,6 meses e o sexo mais atingido foi o sexo masculino (65,4%). A maioria das lesões ocorreu em casa (57,7%) e, consequentemente, a queda de altura (73%) foi o motivo mais de maior prevalência. O tipo mais comum de luxação por lesão foi a intrusão (53,3%) e alteração de cor (42,7%), necrose pulpar (37,3%) e obliteração do canal radicular (13,3%) as sequelas mais frequentes. Conclusão: A alta prevalência de sequelas (74,7%) mostra que o tratamento adequado deve ocorrer no momento adequado para reduzir sequelas.(AU)

Effects of low-level laser therapy on bone regeneration of the midpalatal suture after rapid maxillary expansion.

This study evaluated the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone regeneration at the midpalatal suture (MPS) after rapid maxillary expansion (RME), using cone beam computed tomography. Fourteen 8-14-year-old patients with transverse maxillary deficiency underwent RME with a Hyrax-type expander activated with one full turn after installation and two half turn daily activations until achieving overcorrection. Patients were randomly assigned to either a control group (RME alone, n = 4) or an experimental group (n = 10) in which RME was followed by 12 LLLT sessions (GaAlAs, p = 70 mW, λ = 780 nm, Ø = 0.04 cm(2)). Two tomographic images of the MPS were obtained-T0, after disjunction and T1, after 4 months. Bone regeneration was evaluated by measuring the optical density (OD) on the tomographic images using InVivo Dental 5.0 software. Data were analyzed by the paired Student's t test (α = 0.05 %). A statistically significant difference between T0 and T1 OD values was observed in the laser-treated group (p = 0.00), but this difference was not significant in the control group (p = 0.20). Intergroup comparison of OD values at T1 revealed higher OD in the laser-treated group (p = 0.05). In conclusion, LLLT had a positive influence on bone regeneration of the midpalatal suture by accelerating the repair process.

Avaliação da severidade das más oclusões em indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe II 1ª Divisão tratados com o aparelho extrabucal modificado de Thurow / Evaluation of malocclusion severity using the modified Thurow extraoral appliance in subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion

Os índices normativos são ferramentas de diagnóstico e de avaliação terapêutica muito importantes, pois possuem grande valia para o planejamento ortodôntico e a compreensão dos resultados obtidos. Dentre os índices validados, o Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) pode avaliar a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico e seus resultados, o qual aborda componentes estéticos e da oclusão dentária. Os indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão, em crescimento, ocupam o primeiro lugar em busca do tratamento ortodôntico-ortopédico, parte com protrusão maxilar. O aparelho extraoral tem mostrado, ao longo dos anos, uma boa opção devido à possibilidade de promover alterações esqueléticas corrigindo o posicionamento da maxila, como o aparelho de Thurow modificado. Este estudo retrospectivo avaliou, por meio do Índice Dental Estético, as mudanças oclusais em 15 casos tratados por meio do aparelho de Thurow modificado. Houve uma diminuição significativa da severidade da má oclusão com a redução do escore DAI 4 de 87% para 0% do total de casos tratados. Conclui-se que o aparelho modificado de Thurow é eficiente no tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão, principalmente pela redução do overjet e melhoria da relação molar.

Normative indexes are very important diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation tools, since they have great value in orthodontic planning and understanding of orthodontic treatment results. Among the validated indexes, Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) can evaluate the need for orthodontic treatment and its results, using occlusal and aesthetic components. Class II division 1 malocclusion cases, in growing patients, are the first in search for orthopedic-orthodontic treatment, of them with maxillary protrusion. Over the years the extraoral appliance has proved to be a good option due to the possibility of promoting skeletal changes by correcting the positioning of the bone bases, likewise, the Modified Thurow Extraoral Appliance. This retrospective study has evaluated, through the Dental Aesthetic Index, occlusal modifications in 15 cases treated with modified Thurow’s appliance. There was a significant reduction in malocclusion severity, with a modification of DAI score reducing from 87% to 0% of DAI score 4. It was concluded that modified Thurow’s appliance is efficient in Class II division 1 malocclusion, mainly in overjet reduction and improvement of molar relationship.

Correção da má oclusão Esquelética de Classe III de Angle com corticotomia e tração reversa de maxila com máscara facial ancorada em miniplacas: relato de caso / Treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with corticotomy and reverse traction of maxilla with facial mask anchored to miniplates: a case report

A má oclusão de Classe III, de acordo com o sistema de classificação preconizado por Angle, muito embora seja uma das menos prevalentes, é considerada a de maior complexidade quanto ao tratamento. A abordagem terapêutica pode ser instituída durante o crescimento facial, por meio de aparelhos ortopédicos, preferencialmente entre o final da dentição decídua e o início da dentição mista. Entretanto, antes e após esta fase, os movimentos ortopédicos dos ossos são acompanhados pelos movimentos dentários, considerando o apoio dentário superior. A ancoragem esquelética, por meio de miniplacas, tem sido sugerida como dispositivos que potencializam a força ortopédica nos casos com retração de maxila. A corticotomia tem sido utilizada como meio de favorecer o movimento dentário, com pouca indicação para o movimento esquelético, sobretudo, na protração da maxila com máscara facial. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico de uma menina tratada na dentição permanente com má oclusão de Classe III, com mordida cruzada anterior e retração de maxila por meio de máscara facial conectada a miniplacas instaladas na região lateral à cavidade nasal. A corticotomia bilateral horizontal foi realizada previamente à tração. Após seis meses de tratamento, houve a correção da má oclusão com avanço de maxila e melhora do perfil facial. A abordagem ortopédica de tração reversa associada à ancoragem esquelética e corticotomia mostrou-se efetiva e rápida.

Angle’s Class III malocclusion, although it is considered the malocclusion with the lowest prevalence, it is the most complex regarding treatment. Therapeutic approach may be instituted during facial growth through orthopedic appliances, preferably between the end of primary teeth and early mixed dentition. However, before and after this phase, the orthopedic bone movements are accompanied by tooth movements, considering the upper dental support. Skeletal anchorage using miniplates, has been suggested as a device that may enhance orthopedic force in cases with jaw retraction. Corticotomy has been used as a method to perform tooth movement, with little indication for skeletal movement, especially in maxillary protraction with facial mask. The aim of this paper is to present a clinical case of a girl treated in the permanent dentition with Class III malocclusion with anterior cross bite and jaw retraction through a face mask connected to mini-plates installed in the lateral nasal cavity. The horizontal bilateral corticotomy was performed before traction. After six months of treatment, the correction of malocclusion with maxillary advancement and improvement of facial profile was achieved. The approach of orthopedic protraction associated with skeletal anchorage and corticotomy has proven to be effective and fast.

Prevalence of permanent teeth avulsion in a brazilian trauma center: a 12 years retrospective study / Prevalência de avulsão de dentes permanentes em um centro de trauma brasileiro: estudo retrospectivo de 12 anos

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos casos de avulsão de dentes permanentes em pacientes de 12 anos do Centro de Trauma Bucodentário (CENTRAU) da da Faculdade de Odontologia da Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo transversal caracterizado pela observação direta de arquivos de exames dentários de uma demanda espontânea de vítimas de traumas dentários que se apresentaram ao Centro de Trauma Bucodentário (CENTRAU) durante o período entre Maio de 2001 a Maio de 2013. Resultados: A análise foi realizada em 1.104 arquivos, dentre os quais 66 pacientes reportaram ter sido vítima de avulsão dentária com 88 dentes tendo sido avulsionados, com idades variando entre 6 e 30 anos. Dentro os 88 dentes avulsionados, 59 (67,04%) foram reimplantados. Apenas 9 (15,5%) casos o reimplante foi imediato. O meio de armazenamento mais utilizado foi a cavidade oral, por 8 (30,7%) pacientes. Em 26 (39,4%) casos, a causa de avulsão foi queda. Conclusão: Nesse estudo, ficou claro que os casos de avulsão do CENTRAU corresponderam a uma baixa ocorrência dentre os casos atendidos neste centro.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to perform a retrospective study of cases of avulsion of permanent teeth in patients from 12 years of the Oraldental Trauma Center (CENTRAU) of the School of Dentistry of Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing in Federal University of Ceara. Material and Methods: A retrospective transversal study characterized by direct observation of dental records was performed of a spontaneous demand sample of dental trauma victims who presented to the Oraldental Trauma Center of UFC (CENTRAU) during the period from May 2001 to May 2013. Results: The analysis was done on 1,104 records, in which 66 patients reported having been victims of avulsion with 88 avulsed permanent teeth with ages ranging between 6 and 30 years. Among the 88 avulsed teeth, 59 (67.04%) were replanted. Only in 9 (15.5%) cases replantation was immediate. The storage medium that was the most widely used was the oral cavity by 8 (30.7%) patients. In 26 (39.4 %) cases, the cause of avulsion was falling to the ground. Conclusion: In this study, it was clear that cases of avulsion in CENTRAU corresponded to a low occurrence of all cases seen in the center.

In Vivo study of an intracanal dressing of calcium hydroxide/chlorhexidine in necrotic primary teeth

AIM: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of endodontic treatment in human primary teeth with necrotic pulp with and without radiographically visible furcal/periapical lesion treated with a calcium hydroxide (CH) and chlorhexidine (CHX) intracanal dressing. The tested hypothesis was that there is no difference in the clinical and radiographic success in primary teeth medicated with CH pastes prepared with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or CHX. METHODS: Thirty-two teeth with necrotic pulp were used in this randomized clinical study: 12 without and 20 with lesion. Canals were prepared and medicated with CH pastes with polyethylene glycol (CH/PEG) (n=16) or 2% CHX gel (CH/CHX) (n=16). Definitive filling was done after 30 days. The teeth were clinically and radiographically examined during 12 months to determine the success of the endodontic therapy. Data from clinical and radiographic examination of the initial condition and 12 months after treatment were compared using the Z test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the success rate of teeth with and without lesion medicated with CH/PEG or CH/CHX. No significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the pastes regardless of the presence of lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of CHX and CH was not more effective than the CH/PEG paste, as similar clinical and radiographic success rate was observed in teeth medicated with either type of intracanal dressing.

An unusual case of severe primary molar infraocclusion.

Dentoalveolar ankylosis is described as the direct union between root cementum/dentin and alveolar bone. Its etiology is unknown, and conflicting opinions have been presented to explain it. Late detection of ankylosed primary teeth may cause serious problems to the occlusion and generally demands a more complex treatment approach. The purpose of this report is to present an unusual case of severe infraocclusion of the primary maxillary right second molar associated with a posterior crossbite in a 6-year-old child. The initial treatment option was tooth extraction, but the tooth resumed eruption spontaneously. After correction of the posterior crossbite and a 1-year follow-up, the tooth remained in occlusion and the permanent successor was developing without problems. From this unusual outcome, it may be concluded that further investigation of this anomaly of eruption is needed.

Sequelas em dentes permanentes após trauma nos predecessores decíduos e sua implicação clínica / Sequelaes in permanent teeth following traumatic injuries to primary predecessors and clinical implication

A necrose pulpar representa a cessação dos processos metabólicos do tecido pulpar, desestruturação e concomitante perda de suas defesas naturais. A partir da necrose pulpar, a cavidade pulpar torna-se progressivamente colonizada por vários micro-organismos habitantes da cavidade bucal e sistemas interligados. Assim, os dentes com necrose pulpar e áreas radiolúcidas periapicais apresentam inúmeros morfotipos microbiológicos no sistema de canais radiculares. Não obstante, de longa data, tem sido questionada a sobrevivência de micro-organismos nos granulomas periapicais. Nesta revisão, verificou-se que na atualidade, pela técnica da cultura microbiológica ou por métodos moleculares, cocos, bacilos e filamentosos, gram-negativos e positivos, predominantemente anaeróbios estritos, identificados no sistema de canais radiculares, também são recuperados na região periapical. Esses micro-organismos também são identificados pela coloração de Brown e Brenn ou pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura no ápice radicular e na estrutura da lesão, numa frequência que oscila de 4% a 100%. Estruturalmente, organizam-se num material amorfo, iodoso, de composição polissacarídica - os biofilmes periapicais.

Starting from the pulp necrosis the pulp cavity becomes progressively colonized by several microorganisms' inhabitants of the oral cavity and interconectives systems. Thus, the teeth with pulp necrosis and radiolucencies periapical areas present countless microbiological morfotypes in the root canal system. Nevertheless, of long date, the survival of the microorganisms in the periapical granuloms has been questioned. In this review it was verified that currently, by culture or molecular methods that the coccus, bacilli and filamentous, gram-negative and positive, predominantly strict anaerobes, identified in the root canal system also are recovered in the periapical lesions. Such microorganisms are also identified for the coloration of Brown and Brenn or for the scanning electronic microscopy in the root apex and in the structure of the lesion, in a frequency that oscillates from 4% to 100%. Structurally, they are organized in an amorphous material, muddy, of polysaccharide composition- the periapical biofilms.

Response of human dental pulp to calcium hydroxide paste preceded by a corticosteroid/ antibiotic dressing agent

Aim: To evaluate the treatment with corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing in pulpotomy with calciumhydroxide. Methods: Forty-six premolars were pulpotomized and randomly assigned into 3groups. In Group I pulpal wound was directly capped with calcium hydroxide, and Group II and Group III received corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing for 10 min or 48 h, respectively, before pulp capping. Teeth were processed for histological analysis after 7, 30 or 60 days to determine inflammatory cell response, tissue disorganization, dentin bridge formation and presence of bacteria.Attributed scores were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (á=0.05). Results:On the 7th day, all groups exhibited dilated and congested blood vessels in the tissue adjacent to pulpal wound. The inflammatory cell response was significantly greater in Group III (p<0.05). On the 30th day, in all groups, a thin dentin matrix layer was deposited adjacent to the pulpal wound and a continuous odontoblast-like cell layer underlying the dentin matrix was observed. On the60th day, all groups presented a thick hard barrier characterized by an outer zone of dystrophic calcification and an inner zone of tubular dentin matrix underlined by a defined odontoblast-like celllayer. Conclusions: Within the limitations of present study, considering that the treatment was performed in healthy teeth, it may be concluded that the use of a corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing before remaining tissue protection with calcium hydroxide had no influence on pulp tissue healing.

Redução do medo durante o tratamento odontológico utilizando pontas ultrassônicas / Minimizing fear during dental treatment using ultrasonic points

Nos últimos anos, novas tecnologias têm sido desenvolvidas para confecção de preparos cavitários, dentre as quais se destacam as pontas de diamante CVDentus® (CVDVale, São José dos Campos, Brasil). Estas pontas são produzidas por deposição química a partir da fase de vapor, formando uma pedra única de diamante, com maior durabilidade que as pontas diamantadas convencionais. Acopladas ao aparelho de ultrassom apresentam diversas aplicações clínicas em Odontologia com vantagens em relação aos instrumentos rotatórios convencionais, como menor pressão, ruído, vibração e aquecimento, além de reduzir a necessidade do uso de anestesia local, colaborando para diminuição do medo e ansiedade do paciente. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar tratamento odontológico restaurador completo, realizado com este sistema, em um paciente infantil com história anterior de comportamento não cooperador. A utilização desta nova tecnologia ofereceu maior conforto ao paciente, possibilitando o seu recondicionamento ao tratamento odontológico, além de ter favorecido a realização de preparos cavitários conservadores.

Over the last few years, new technologies have been developed to making cavity preparations, among which the diamond burs CVDentus® (CVDentus, São José dos Campos, Brazil) are outstanding. These points are produced by chemical deposition from the vapor phase, forming a single diamond stone, with greater durability than the conventional diamond burs. Coupled to the ultrasound appliance, they have several clinical applications in Dentistry with advantages over conventional rotary instruments, such as lower pressure, noise, vibration and heat, as well as reducing the need to use local anesthesia, contributing to minimize patient's fear and anxiety. The aim of this study was to present the complete restorative dental treatment performed with this system in a child patient with a prior history of non-cooperative behavior. The use of this new technology offered the patient greater comfort, making it possible recondition the patient's attitude to dental treatment, in addition to favoring conservative cavity preparations to be made.

Efeito antibacteriano e sucesso clínico/radiográfico da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio associada à clorexidina como medicação intracanal no tratamento de dentes decíduos humanos com polpa necrótica / Antibacterial effect and clinical/radiographic success of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine used as intracanal medication on the treatment of human deciduos teeth with necrotic pulp

Este trabalho teve como objetivos identificar e quantificar os microrganismos P. gingivalis e E. faecalis no interior dos canais radiculares de dentes decíduos humanos com polpa necrótica, avaliar o efeito do preparo biomecânico dos canais radiculares e da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio com clorexidina usada como curativo intracanal sobre esses microrganismos, bem como, avaliar o sucesso clínico e radiográfico da terapia endodôntica. Foram utilizados 32 dentes com polpa necrótica de 28 pacientes entre 3 e 8 anos de idade. Desses dentes, 12 apresentavam-se sem lesão (Grupo I) e 20 com lesão (Grupo II) na região de furca e/ou periapical vista radiograficamente. Após abertura coronária, foi realizada a primeira coleta microbiológica dos canais radiculares, o preparo biomecânico e a segunda coleta microbiológica. Em seguida, metade dos dentes dos grupos I e II recebeu como curativo intracanal a pasta de hidróxido de cálcio em polietilenoglicol 400 [Ca(OH)2 + PEG] (grupo controle), e a outra metade, a pasta de hidróxido de cálcio com clorexidina gel a 2% [Ca(OH)2+CLX] (grupo experimental). Os dentes foram selados provisoriamente com cimento de ionômero de vidro restaurador. Depois de 30 dias os dentes foram reabertos, o curativo intracanal foi removido e, uma terceira coleta microbiológica foi realizada. Todos os dentes tiveram os canais radiculares obturados com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio em polietilenoglicol 400 e foram restaurados. As amostras microbiológicas foram processadas usando PCR (reação em cadeia da polimerase) em tempo real e os resultados foram avaliados pelos testes de Wilcoxon e de Mann-Whitney (α=0,05). Avaliações clínica e radiográfica foram realizadas nos períodos inicial e de 1, 3 e 6 meses pós-operatório, sendo os resultados comparados pela aplicação...

This study aimed to identify the microorganisms P. gingivalis and E. faecalis in root canals of human deciduous teeth with necrotic pulp, to evaluate the effect of biomechanical preparation of root canals, to evaluate the antibacterial effect of a calcium hydroxide paste prepared with chlorhexidine against these microorganisms, and to evaluate clinical and radiographic success of the endodontic therapy. Thirty two teeth with necrotic pulp of 28 children aged between 3 and 8 years were used. Of these teeth, 12 showed no bone lesions (Group I) and 20 showed radiographic furcation/periapical bone lesions (Group II). After coronal opening and initial microbial root canal sampling, biomechanical preparation and the second microbial sampling were performed. Then, half of the teeth in groups I and II received as intracanal dressing a calcium hydroxide paste in polyethylene glycol 400 [Ca (OH)2 + PEG] (group control), and the other half received calcium hydroxide paste with 2% chlorhexidine gel [Ca (OH)2 + CHX] (experimental group). The teeth were temporarily sealed with a glass ionomer filling material. After 30 days the teeth were reopened, the intracanal dressing was removed and a third microbial sampling was performed. All the teeth had the root canals filled with a calcium hydroxide paste in polyethylene glycol 400 and the final restoration was carried. The microbial samples were processed using real time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis and the results were evaluated by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 0, 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively and the results were compared by the Z statistical test (α=0.05). There was no significant difference between the microbiota present in primary teeth with and without furcation and/or periapical lesions. Biomechanical...

Alternative treatment modalities for immature intruded permanent incisors: report of 2 cases.

Intrusion of permanent teeth is one of the most severe types of traumatic injuries. Different treatment strategies have been proposed, and the best approach for each case depends on the stage of root development, severity of the intrusive luxation, presence of alveolar fracture and number of intruded teeth. The purpose of this paper is to describe the treatment management of 2 cases of severely intruded immature permanent maxillary central incisors in 7 1/2- and 8-year-old children. In case 1, the traumatized tooth was treated by surgical repositioning, while in case 2 watchful waiting for spontaneous re-eruption was the treatment of choice. Treatment strategies were successful in both cases, as demonstrated by the continuation of root development, maintenance of pulp vitality, and absence of signs of periapical pathosis during the follow-up period. Regardless of the treatment strategy traumatically intruded teeth should undergo periodical clinical and radiographic surveillance on a long-term basis to allow early detection of possible complications.

Longitudinal clinical and radiographic evaluation of severely intruded permanent incisors in a pediatric population.

Intrusion is defined as the axial dislodgment of the tooth into its socket and is considered one of the most severe types of dental trauma. This longitudinal outcome study was undertaken to evaluate clinically and radiographically severely intruded permanent incisors in a population of children and adolescents. All cases were treated between September 2003 and February 2008 in a dental trauma service. Clinical and radiographic data were collected from 12 patients (eight males and four females) that represented 15 permanent maxillary incisors. Mean age at the time of injury was 8 years and 9 months (range 7-14 years and 8 months). Mean time elapsed to follow-up was 26.6 months (range 10-51 months). The analysis of data showed that tooth intrusion was twice as frequent in males. The maxillary central incisors were the most commonly intruded teeth (93.3%), and falling at home was the main etiologic factor (60%). More than half of the cases (53.3%) were multiple intrusions, 73.3% of the intruded teeth had incomplete root formation and 66.6% of the teeth suffered other injuries concomitant to intrusion. Immediate surgical repositioning was the treatment of choice in 66.7% of the cases, while watchful waiting for the tooth to return to its pre-injury position was adopted in 33.3% of the cases. The teeth that suffered additional injuries to the intrusive luxation presented a fivefold increased relative risk of developing pulp necrosis. The immature teeth had six times more chances of presenting pulp canal obliteration that the mature teeth and a lower risk of developing root resorption. The most frequent post-injury complications were pulp necrosis (73.3%), marginal bone loss (60%), inflammatory root resorption (40%), pulp canal obliteration (26.7%) and replacement root resorption (20%). From the results of this study, it was not possible to determine whether the type immediate treatment had any influence on the appearance of sequelae like pulp necrosis and root resorption after intrusive luxation, but the existence of additional injuries and the stage of root development influenced the clinical case outcome in a negative and positive manner, respectively.

Prevalência de trauma dental em crianças atendidas na Universidade Federal do Ceará / Prevalence of dental trauma in children attending the Federal University of Ceará

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência dos traumas dentários de crianças atendidas na disciplina de Odontopediatria da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Metodologia: Durante o período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2005, 312 pacientes apresentaram-se à clínica citada, totalizando 489 dentes traumatizados, sendo as informações contidas em suas fichas clínicas coletadas e submetidas à análise estatística. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 61,9% meninos e 38,1% meninas, numa proporção de 1,6:1. A maior freqüência de trauma ocorreu na primeira infância (33,7%), sendo a média da idade de 5,8±0,6 anos. A causa mais comum de trauma foi queda (63,5%) e a maioria (60,3%) das injúrias traumáticas ocorreram em casa. Os incisivos centrais superiores foram os dentes mais afetados (82,7%). Luxação intrusiva foi o tipo de trauma mais comum na dentição decídua (32,3%), e fratura coronária de esmalte e dentina sem exposição pulpar, na dentição permanente (46,7%). A maioria dos pacientes procurou atendimento 1-7 dias após a ocorrência do trauma (25,0%). Conclusão: Na dentição decídua as injúrias traumáticas por luxação foram mais prevalentes, e na dentição permanente, ocorreram mais fraturas coronárias nesta amostra.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to measure the prevalence of dental trauma in children treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Brazil, from January 2002 to December 2005. Methods: The sample consisted of 312 patients who presented a total of 489 injured teeth. The patients' clinical records were retrieved and provided the information used for statistical analyses. Results: Subjects were 61.9% males and 38.1% females (ratio of 1.6:1), with mean age of 5.84±0.62 year-old. Trauma was more frequent during the first infancy (33.7%), and the most common etiological cause was falls (63.5%). Most trauma injuries (60.3%) occurred at home. The maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth (82.7%). Intrusive luxation and coronary fracture of the enamel and dentin without pulp exposure were the most common type of trauma in primary (32.3%) and permanent (46.7%) dentition, respectively. Conclusion: In this sample, luxation injuries were the most prevalent type of dental trauma for primary dentition, while more coronary fractures prevailed for permanent dentition.

Conservative management of a dentigerous cyst secondary to primary tooth trauma.

Pulp necrosis is a commonly observed sequela in traumatized primary teeth and is one of the possible etiologic factors for the development of dentigerous teeth. This article reports the case of a dentigerous cyst associated with the germ of a permanent maxillary central incisor that developed secondary to trauma to the predecessor primary incisor. The therapeutic approach included endodontic treatment of the primary tooth and marsupialization of the lesion. After 36 months of follow up, the permanent incisor presented with normal physiologic conditions, absence of dental anomalies and erupted in its correct position in the oral cavity. In conclusion, with proper case selection, marsupialization might be a good treatment option for conservative management of dentigerous cysts.

A importância da interação entre odontopediatrias e pediatrias no manejo de dentes natais e neonatais: [revisão] / The importance of interaction of pediatric dentists and pediatricians in the management of natal and neonatal teeth: [review]

OBJETIVO: Apresentar revisão de literatura sobre dentes natais e neonatais, abordando características clínicas, fatores etiológicos, medidas terapêuticas e a importância do conhecimento desta anomalia, por odontopediatras e pediatras. FONTES DE DADOS: Foram selecionados os artigos mais relevantes sobre o tema, desde 1950 até 2006, pesquisados no Medline e na Bibliografia Brasileira em Odontologia (BBO), além de livros de pertinentes. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Os dentes natais e neonatais consistem em uma anomalia de erupção, sendo caracterizados por seu irrompimento na cavidade oral durante o período intra-uterino ou no primeiro mês de vida respectivamente, podendo fazer parte da dentição decídua normal ou supranumerária. Esses dentes, em geral, apresentam bordos cortantes e podem estar relacionados ao aparecimento de ulcerações na base da língua do bebê e/ou no seio materno, comprometendo a amamentação. A fraca implantação óssea desses dentes favorece sua grande mobilidade, tornando-se, assim, um fator de risco à sua aspiração ou deglutição pela criança. A abordagem terapêutica depende da dentição à qual pertence o dente e dos possíveis problemas que este pode causar à saúde da criança ou da mãe. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento sobre as características clínicas e os possíveis distúrbios aos quais os dentes natais e neonatais estão relacionados por odontopediatras e pediatras possibilita a interação necessária para o diagnóstico precoce e a abordagem integral da criança.

OBJECTIVE: To review available data about natal and neonatal teeth, emphasizing clinical characteristics, etiological factors, treatment, and the importance of the knowledge about this anomaly by pediatric dentists and pediatricians. DATA SOURCES: The most relevant articles published on the subject were selected, from 1950 to 2006, browsed on Medline, Brazilian Bibliografy of Odontology (BBO) and Dentistry books. DATA SYNTHESIS: Natal and neonatal teeth are considered eruption anomalies, characterized by eruption into oral cavity during the intrauterine period or during the first month after birth, respectively, being part of the regular deciduous or the supernumerary dentitions. As these teeth usually present cutting edges, they can be related to traumatic injury to newborn's tongue and/or to mother's nipples, compromising breastfeeding. In general, the weak attachment of these teeth to alveolar bone favors a high degree of mobility, which exposes the infant to the risk of aspiration or swallowing them. The management depends on which dentition these teeth belong and/or on complications that may affect either infant's or mother's health. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge about the clinical characteristics and the possible complications related to natal and neonatal teeth by pediatric dentists and pediatricians provides the necessary interaction to early diagnosis and infant general management.

Evaluation of intruded primary incisors.

Tooth intrusion consists of the displacement of the tooth into its alveolus and is the most common trauma during early infancy. This work aims to evaluate the aspects related to tooth intrusion in primary teeth by monitoring 16 patients (22 teeth) for a period between 3 and 36 months. Of the patients who suffered from tooth intrusion, 56.25% were male and 91% of the intruding teeth were upper central incisors. In all cases the treatment indicated was to await spontaneous re-eruption: total re-eruption occurred in 42.5% of cases, partial re-eruption in 47% of cases and in 10.5% there was no re-eruption. Twenty-three percentage of the teeth suffered necrosis, 33% suffered internal or external root resorption and none suffered root canal obliteration. Fifty-seven percentage indicated healthy pulps independent of degree of re-eruption.

Colagem de fragmento em casos de fraturas coronorradiculares com aumento de coroa clínica - relato de caso / Reattachment of a dental fragment after a crown-root fracture with crown lengthening - a case report

As fraturas coronorradiculares, por acometerem a parte da coroa e da raiz dental, geralmente, são subgengivais e invadem o espaço biológico, podendo o limite apical da fratura situar-se aquém, além ou no nível da crista óssea. Dependendo do grau e do local da fratura e da existência de adequado fragmento dentário, o dente pode ser restaurado através da colagem do fragmento, sendo necessário realização prévia de um procedimento que restitua as distâncias biológicas. O aumento da coroa clínica consiste na remoção de osso e gengiva e tem como finalidade tornar supragengival o limite apical da fratura. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar, através de caso clínico, a técnica de colagem de fragmento associada ao aumento de coroa clínica como um dos métodos terapêuticos para as fraturas coronorradiculares. Podemos concluir, então, que em casos de fraturas coronorradiculares com invasão do espaço biológico por palatino, esta técnica está especialmente indicada e é uma das formas mais rápidas de restituir a função e estética dental, além de ser simples, de baixo custo, conservadora e ter grande aceitação por parte dos pacientes e dos profissionais.